Assessment item 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Death Penalty Debate Essay -- Papers Capital Punishment Essays Pap

The Death Penalty Debate The issue of capital punishment is broadly questioned. So contested that possibly I shouldn’t have picked this point. Yet, all things considered, capital punishment is an issue that should be tended to. Should capital punishment be abrogated from our criminal equity framework? Indeed, that relies upon whom you inquire. On the off chance that you ask me†¦ no. I for one don’t see anything amiss with capital punishment in light of the fact that there are a great deal of lawbreakers that are simply excessively risky to society and demise is the main discipline they merit. I realize that it is in the eighth amendment that precludes merciless and abnormal discipline, and I can’t think about a more noteworthy discipline for a wrongdoing than death, yet I accept that special cases ought to be made. Regardless of U.S. Incomparable Court decisions in actuality, numerous capital punishment adversaries consider the death penalty all by itself to be pitiless and surprising. They accept capital punishment to be a brutal practice that ought to be disposed of. Explicit strategies for execution additionally every now and again go under assault as damaging the Eighth Amendment. Capital punishment advocates counter that the designers of the Constitution underestimated the death penalty, and didn't think of it as pitiless and unordinary. A few defenders of capital punishment trust a few techniques for execution, for example, deadly infusion, are more others conscious than others. (http://ethics.acusd.edu/death_penalty.html) From 1930, the primary year for which measurements are promptly accessible from the Bureau of Justice Statistics, to 1967, 3,859 people were executed. During this period, over half (54%) of those executed were dark, 45 % were white, and the rest of the 1% were individuals from other racial gatherings - American Indians (19), Filipino (13), Chinese (8), and Japanese (2). The tremendous ... ...ht make all the savage wrongdoers reconsider before they perpetrate the wrongdoing. Works Cited: Capital punishment Debate. (http://www.uaa.alaska.edu/just/ passing/), Online, March 2000. - Gives data on the states that have restored the death penalty into their equity framework and gives a rundown of the 12 expresses that despite everything don't have capital punishment. Pollitt, Katha: The Nation, New York; Mar 6, 2000; Vol. 270, Iss. 9; pg. 10, 1 pgs, EBSCOhost March 2000 - Gives a point by point two sided contention on capital punishment and contends how it costs more to house an immate for life in jail. Discipline And The Death Penalty. (http://www.ethics. acused.edu/death_penalty.html), Online, March 2000. - Gives factual realities on the historical backdrop of capital punishment. Sullum, Jacob: Reason, Los Angeles; Mar 2000; Vol. 31, iss. 10, pg. 14, 1 pgs, EBSCOhost March 2000

ADD and Its Impact on Relationships

ADD and Its Impact on Relationships September 16, 2018 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children JGI/Jamie Grill/Getty Images ADD / ADHD can have a profound effect on peer relationships, even into adulthood. Sometimes the impact can be so great that an individual feels a tremendous sense of isolation. Once feeling isolated or alone, it can be very difficult to connect with others. Bryan Hutchinson, author of One Boy’s Struggle: A Memoir â€" Surviving Life With Undiagnosed ADD, shares his experiences and offers some helpful strategies. What Impact Does ADD Have on Peer Relationships? Bryan Hutchinson: People with ADHD tend to keep to themselves, we have a hard time understanding those around us and we miss many normal communication cues. We are often confused as to what people really mean, especially at a young age. Maintaining relationships is even harder and requires a great amount of effort on our part; we forget about friends and sometimes stay out of contact for too long, which upsets others and this gives the impression we just don’t care about others. The impression that we don’t care is a false impression; we do care, but we simply do not maintain relationships in the same manner as those without ADHD. We get along best with those who are not judgmental and do not require constant contact. What Were Your own Personal Experiences as a Child and Now as an Adult? Hutchinson: As a child, I felt I was different and I felt outside everyone else’s world. As a child, I did not know why I could not get along with others. I would become distracted and lost during conversations. Other children believed I was a loner or a rebel because I did not associate with them. When I would get hyper and wild other kids were attracted to me and we would catch a lot of attention, especially in school, but this would get me in trouble with serious consequences, and this was another reason to draw into myself and keep to myself. I couldn’t get along and when I did, I got into trouble. Many ADHD children are born leaders. They are energetic and have great ideas. Their social skills are limited, but because of their drive and ability to understand things quickly without bothering with too many details - this gives them leadership qualities. Unfortunately, this leadership trait can sometimes be squashed by teachers and parents because it is disruptive. I think it is a common mistake of parents and teachers not to recognize that a child may be a leader and go on to do great things because at the child’s young age it is a distraction and seems a bit chaotic at times. Kids who could otherwise grow to become great leaders instead grow with rejection and stunted aspirations. As an adult, social engagement challenges followed me and still have an impact. I have become better at maintaining relationships by knowing why I have difficulties and have learned to raise my awareness of others concerns and interests. ADDers can seem self-absorbed with so many distractions and inner thoughts; therefore it is important to purposely become curious of other people’s interests. For example, in relationships with females, I used to fail to ask questions about their life and family. This made it seem as though I didn’t care much about who they were. I have learned to purposely increase my interest in others â€" most people without ADHD have this curiosity of others inherently, whereas we with ADHD must pay attention to it by realizing our differences and make up for it with purposeful intent to be better â€" more sociable. How Did You Improve Relationships? Hutchinson: First, I had to understand I had a problem communicating. I needed help and therapy was the answer to my prayers. However, before therapy, I was lucky in gaining the interest of mentors who helped me see where I needed to improve. If I had not been a pool player I think my social development would have taken longer, because in sports one must engage â€" even in such a sport as pool. Pool also requires a lot of mental conditioning and this helped me learn where I needed to improve and also highlighted my difficulties to focus. What Strategies Do You Think Would Be Helpful For Children In School? Hutchinson: First and foremost parents and teachers must understand that kids with ADHD are different and what restrictions and discipline are placed on them will affect them their entire lives. We might not seem like it, but we are very sensitive and take things to heart quickly and we remember things which cause pain very well because pain and suffering are stimulating but in a negative manner. All kids need a certain amount of discipline, but for parents with ADHD children, they must be more creative and use a reward system that emphasizes good behavior and decisions. I suggest parents get their children involved in sports to build social skills. Not necessarily physical sports, but rather sports or activities which require more mental effort. Kids with ADHD are gifted with quick strategic minds and this could help them shine in the leadership skills and if they enjoy the activity enough they will find ways to get along better, rather than lose the activity and friendships it provides. However, drawing from my own childhood experiences, it is important for the child to learn to stick with it â€" I was always very tentative when introduced to new things and would try to quit before ever starting for fear of rejection, failure, and punishment. What Strategies Are Helpful for Adults? Hutchinson: To purposely engage, ask questions and become interested in others. Peer relationships, I believe, are part of the cause for adults to abuse substances. A quick drink can help calm the mind and rest the nerves, allowing for the adult with ADHD to become more interested and therefore social, but this isn’t good for obvious reasons. Adults with ADHD need to learn to stop punishing themselves and realize that being different isn’t bad, it just provides some challenges which can be overcome by learning coping skills.

Nursing Research in the Nicu - 1469 Words

Running head: FROM OUTSIDER TO PARTNER From Outsider to Partner Grand Canyon University NRS-433V September 11, 2011 Linnette Nolte, RN Introduction and Purpose Nearly 400,000 infants are admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) each year. This can be an intensely overwhelming, stressful, and emotionally draining experience for the families and, especially the parents, of the infants requiring care in the NICU. With the help of an emerging care delivery model known as family centered care, health care providers can ease some of the stress during a NICU stay by involving the parents in the cares of their infant. Basic ideas of family centered care include: parental involvement in the cares of their†¦show more content†¦The individual being studied provides information on his or her experiences and perceptions, which in turn can be used as a basis for practical theory and implementation of change in policies and actions (Lester, S. 1999). 1b.) With the information provided, this author is unable to identify the expressed interest of the researcher. 1c.) The depth of understanding of the topi c on the author’s part is evident throughout the research study. 1d.) The researcher is seeking information regarding the process of maternal development in four domains in this research study. They include: focus, ownership, caregiving, and voice. The results in the focus domain showed that initially a mother with an infant in the NICU is focused on the technology that abounds in the NICU, not her infant. The expertise of the nurses and the language and culture of the surrounding staff also gained most of her attention while the care of her infant was forced into the background. Progression along the focus continuum allowed the fading of technology over time, which allowed the mother to focus fully on her infant. The ownership domain results were in regard to the mother’s view of her relationship with her infant. Overall, the results showed that most mothers considered the infant as belonging to the nurse. The actualityShow MoreRelatedUses of Statistical Informat ion Essay1256 Words   |  6 PagesMatsche University of Phoenix Statistical Applications Tammy Czarnecki October 5, 2007 Uses of Statistical Information The expansion of the responsibilities of nurses, the nursing shortage, and increasing specialization make it more important than ever that nursing practice be evidence-based (Understanding Nursing Research, 2007). This expectation has made it evident that clinical nurses acquire skills in reading and evaluating the results of statistical tests. This systematic evaluation of practiceRead MoreThe Benefits Of Kangaroo Care1629 Words   |  7 Pages Jessica Plimpton FCS 497: Intro to Research Methods Fall 2015 The Benefits of Kangaroo Care for Fathers with an Infant in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU): Educational, Emotional and Paternal Role Support. Introduction Take a second to imagine you are a father, who has an infant admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for the first time. How are you feeling? Afraid? Confused, even? If your baby is admitted to the NICU, your first question probably will be: WhatRead MoreIntegrating The Cope Program Is The Work Of Mccubbin And Mccubbins Resiliency Model Of Family Stress, Adjustment1515 Words   |  7 PagesComplementing the COPE program is the work of McCubbin and McCubbin’s Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation supporting the maternal interaction from the NICU to the home (Nichols Roux, 2004). The expense of the NICU care creates an impasse of maternal response and financial commitment when the maternal parent holds the insurance for the family and must return to work. This is a challenge for family resiliency and the parent/infant bond through more social support and employerRead MoreNeonatal Nursing1392 Words   |  6 Pagesunit. The neonatal intensiv e care unit, or NICU, is where the infants suffering from potentially fatal diseases/disorders are held. NICU nurses struggle with life and death situations each and everyday, which is sure to be accompanied by specific emotions such as moral distress. In the words of researcher Kain (2006), â€Å"moral distress is defined as uncomfortable, painful emotions that arise when institutional constraints prevent the nurse from performing nursing tasks that are deemed necessary and appropriate†Read MoreNeonatal Nurse Practitioner1617 Words   |  6 Pageshighly recommended to work in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during your two years of clinical experience, so you can gain experience in this field and working with sick infants (â€Å"National Association of,† 2014). Once accepted into an accredited program, the nurse will choose their nursing specialty to get their nurse practitioner degree in. For neonatal nurse practitioners they will get a degree in advanced practice neonatal nursing (APNN). The master degree programs to become a nurse practitionerRead MoreA Research Study On Healthcare Providers Perceptions Of Breastfeeding Peer Counselors1343 Words   |  6 Pages Qualitative Research Ayva Rodriguez Felician College Qualitative Research Qualitative research differs from quantitative research fundamentally but their objectives and applications overlap in many ways. Based on the quantitative article â€Å"Healthcare providers’ perceptions of breastfeeding peer counselors in the neonatal intensive care unit† (Rossman, Engstrom, Meier, 2012, p. 461) that focused on the perceptions and experiences of the healthcare professionals who work with the peerRead MoreA Research On Neonatal Nurse Practitioners1191 Words   |  5 Pagespractitioners practice advanced skills in order to provide care for healthy newborns, as well as newborns who need individualized attention. These nurses care for premature and sick newborns in many different settings: neonatal intensive care units (NICU), emergency rooms, delivery rooms, or specialty clinics(Nurse). NNP’s level of care enables them to preform multiple duties consisting of: monitoring specialized equipment, providing education to the families of the sick newb orns, administering medicationsRead MoreImproving Feeding Outcomes Of An Infant Driven Feeding Pathway1478 Words   |  6 Pages Improving Feeding Outcomes in the NICU: Establishing an Infant-Driven Feeding Pathway Laura Pabich BSN, RN The University of Iowa College of Nursing â€Æ' Improving Feeding Outcomes in the NICU: Establishing an Infant-Driven Feeding Pathway The most common reason preterm infants face prolonged hospitalization in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is a delay in acquiring full oral feedings (Shaker, 2013). The purpose of this project is to improve feeding outcomes for preterm infants at BlankRead MoreFamily Centered Care : A Concept Analysis Essay878 Words   |  4 Pages Family-Centered Care in Nursing: A Concept Analysis Jessica Giangrande, RN, BSN Georgia Southern University (intro) â€Å"Family-centered care† is a term heard often in healthcare settings and in nursing practice. Family-centered care has been recognized as being an integral part to patient health, satisfaction and health care quality (Kuo, et al, 2012). Family-centered care is implemented with the goal to increase partnerships between, families, patients and providers; and hasRead MoreA Research Study On Nursing Practice1604 Words   |  7 PagesNursing practice is always evolving as new studies and new findings are discovered. As practicing nurses, it becomes our job to stay up to date with these findings and effectively implement them into our daily practice in efforts to enhance the quality of care our patients receive and to provide them with the best possible outcomes. Many nursing practices are implemented into daily care only after research studies have been conducted. The evidence provided from these studies helps the population

History And Theory Leicester School Of Architecture

DE MONTFORT UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ART DESIGN LEICESTER SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE ARCH1031 HISTORY THEORY 1 ESSAY In 1956, various people broke away from the Congres Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne (CIAM), founded in 1928, in order to set up an international splinter group of modern architects, Team 10. This led to the demise of CIAM. What were the goals of Team 10? How did they articulate their disagreements with the objectives of CIAM? Choose a specific building or project to show how one (or a pair) of the members of Team 10 attempted to put those goals into practice. Alison and Peter Smithson s: investigative duties. Experiment and Utopia in the House of the future Marco Fiorino P13214090 Session 2014/15 Architecture can be seen a tool for exploring the future; an instrument for questioning ourselves about the infinite possibilities that humankind has whenShow MoreRelatedQuestions On Online Regulation On The Code Of Cyberspace2001 Words   |  9 Pageschildren or adults. The problem of perspectives is one of cultural relativism in the sense that â€Å"we† limit access to information in an effort to defend important cultural values and social stability. The purpose of this essay is to ascertain which school of thought regulating the digital environment should be subscribed to. This essay will be consisting a brief historical overview of the cyberlibertarian, cyberpaternalist and network communitarian points of view on the freedom of the Internet communicationRead MoreThe First World War And The Reconstruction Of Britain2496 Words   |  10 Pagesreconstruction of Britain changed the direction of British architecture and which architects were most influential in this redevelopment process. Furthermore, it will explore the Modernist movement by evaluating key historical information which contributed to the progression of a new, mid-century style. Brutalism, a disputed architectural movement which developed during the 1950s and 1960s when there was a significant change in direction for British architecture. Brutalism descended from the Modernist architecturalRead MoreHistory And Theory : Ancient Egyptian Architecture3481 Words   |  14 Pages DE MONTFORT UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ART, DESIGN HUMANITIES LEICESTER SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE ARCH1031 HISTORY THEORY 1 ESSAY Ancient Egyptian architecture had a number of well known generic building types (pyramids, mortuary temples and so on). Select one building and discuss is background and architectural characteristics, relating it where necessary to other examples. The Construction, Origin and Prominence of the Great Pyramids up to 4th Dynasty Egypt Harry George Keable P14148274 SessionRead More Impressionism bridge between past and future Essay2073 Words   |  9 Pagesdenunciation, friendship and animosity, the pastiche of artists were both a culmination of a an art period and a bridge to the next artistic discovery. The France that most of the Impressionist artists were born into had experienced a â€Å"recent history...as dramatic and changeable as the era the painters were about to live through† (The Impressionists Handbook 12). By 1851 Emperor Napoleon III was firmly entrenched as a ruler of France. As a sign of his power, Napoleon III began his reign withRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour Analysis28615 Words   |  115 PagesNovember 2007  © Dr. Lesley Prince 2007. Organisational Analysis: Notes and Essays Page i Page ii Please do not attempt to eat these notes. CONTENTS Introduction to the Workshop Topics And Themes The Nature and Scope of Organisation Theory Levels of Analysis The Metaphorical Approach Organising Processes Understanding Change Conflict, Negotiation, and the Politics of Change Group and Team Working Cultures and Leaders as Cultural Agents Trust Linking the Themes Introductory NotesRead MoreThe History and Structure of the Travel and Tourism Sector Essay9258 Words   |  38 PagesHnd Travel and Tourism 2012 The history and structure of the travel and tourism sector Assignment 1 Diane Quinn diane quinn THE HISTORY AND STRUCTURE OF THE TRAVEL AND TOURISM SECTOR Task one:- LO1 - Explain the key historical developments in the travel and tourism sector. You should provide a concise outline of key developments from the pilgrimages to the current day and conclude with future developments. You need to refer to the growth of the package holiday as a key development andRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pageswhich have been chosen to enlarge speciï ¬ c issues in the text and/or provide practical examples of how business and public sector organisations are managing strategic issues. The case studies which follow allow the reader to extend this linking of theory and practice further by analysing the strategic issues of speciï ¬ c organisations in much greater depth – and often providing ‘solutions’ to some of the problems or difï ¬ culties identiï ¬ ed in the case. There are also over 33 classic cases on the Companion

The Financial Perspective In A Business Commerce Essay Free Essays

Harmonizing to Atrill and McLaney ( 2009:335 ) , this facet of the balanced scorecard will stipulate the fiscal returns deemed by the administration ‘s stockholders every bit good as return on capital employed ( ROCE ) , runing net income, gross revenues gross growing and capital acquisition ( Alkaraan, A ; Northcott, 2006: 173-179 ) . The client position Key to the client position is the demand to ‘leverage relationships across different concern units to offer the client lower monetary values, better entree to goods and services, and more complete offerings ‘ ( Kaplan A ; Norton, 2006:104 ) , as illustrated by the instance of McDonald ‘s. Furthermore, this country of the balanced scorecard efforts to place the sort of client or market the administration wishes to function and as a consequence will invent steps to estimate client satisfaction every bit good as record new client growing degrees ( Atrill A ; McLaney, 2009:335 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The Financial Perspective In A Business Commerce Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The procedure position This facet of the balanced scorecard trades with the synergisms gained through sharing common procedures ( Kaplan A ; Norton, 2006:103 ) , e.g. buying, fabrication, distribution and research that can capitalize on economic systems of graduated table or nucleus competencies to leverage advantage ( Slack, Chambers A ; Johnston, 2007:73 ) . In add-on, this facet of the balanced scorecard will have steps to estimate the per centum of gross revenues derived from new merchandises, clip to market inside informations, merchandise life rhythms times every bit good as response times to client ailments ( Atrill A ; McLaney, 2009:335 ) . The acquisition and growing position Atrill A ; McLaney ( 2009:335 ) province that this country of the balanced scorecard focuses on leveraging value from ‘human capital development ‘ . Basically, it is the designation of those people, systems and processs that are deemed necessary for long-run growing. In order to measure this, there ought to be steps such as employee motive, employee accomplishment profiles, staff turnover degrees and calling development that create intangible assets that support cross-unit coaction ( Johnston A ; Stoughton, 2009:564-590 ) and, finally, the administration as a whole. Evaluation of the four positions Atrill and McLaney ( 2009:335 ) point out that the balanced scorecard is non normative of any peculiar aim or step that should be implemented across the board. This is likely due to the fact that administration is a diverse entity made up of different concern units that consist of different organizational constructions and operate in different concern environments and, as a consequence, it would be prudent to let such units to develop their ain balanced scorecards to reflect these differences ( Kaplan A ; Norton, 2006:104 ) . However, from a corporate degree, the balanced scorecard represents a pyramid attack to puting aims and steps ( based on environmental factors ) that cascade down to all the concern units in the administration but still keep linkages with the original â€Å" maestro â€Å" or corporate scorecard. Although the balanced scorecard incorporates other steps ( i.e. procedure ) these do non take away from the overall of importance of the fiscal position, but relate back to it in the signifier of cause-and-effect relationships. For case, an investing in staff development ( larning and growing position ) may take to an betterment in client service being offered ( process position ) that is registered in increased client satisfaction ( client position ) that is finally represented in increased gross revenues and net incomes ( fiscal position ) ( Atrill A ; McLaney, 2009:337 ) . The line of best tantrum? It would be hard to apportion the balanced scorecard to the impression of best fit vis-a-vis the four positions ( as outlined by Slack, Chambers and Johnston ( 2007:67-70 ) ) , as the strategic subjects used are applicable throughout the administration. Despite that, I would venture to state that the balanced scorecard does impart itself rather nicely to the market position every bit good as the operations resources position. Corporate scheme and the balanced scorecard As mentioned above, the balanced scorecard can be allocated to all four positions on operations scheme outlined by Slack, Chambers and Johnston ( 2007:64 ) . For illustration, the top-down attack can be supported by the corporate balanced scorecard in order to joint what objectives ( i.e. the who, what, when, where, how much inquiries ) will specify the initial corporate scheme that the administration wishes to prosecute. Alternatively, a balanced scorecard developed by a concern unit ( i.e. bottom-up attack ) may reflect its demand to get the better of daily restraints ( i.e. the degree of skilled people available to make a peculiar occupation in the local occupation market ) or advance order-wining capablenesss ( e.g. capitalize further on a nucleus competency, such as distribution ) . This could, in bend, act as a accelerator for emergent schemes ( Slack, Chambers A ; Johnston, 2007:64 ) . As for a market/customer position ( Slack, Chambers A ; Johnston, 2007:67 ) , the balanced scorecard ‘s client aims and steps will, gratuitous to state, turn out utile in placing competitory factors ( i.e. bringing, clip, production specification, etc. ) that can be interpreted as cardinal public presentation aims lending to an administration winning more usage. This could, in bend, act as a accelerator for emergent schemes leting an organisation to find the grade of possible cleavage in the market and reference it ( Slack, Chambers A ; Johnston, 2007:67-70 ) . Finally, the acquisition and growing aims and steps of the balanced scorecard could turn out highly utile in supplying a better apprehension of the resources and capablenesss within an administration. This will let the said organisation to leverage added value from its concern unit ‘s nucleus competencies and intangible resources ( i.e. relationships with providers and clients ) to do headroom in the market ( Kaplan A ; Norton, 2006:104 ) . However, Child ( 2008:87 ) offers a prophylactic word of war ning about concentrating on one facet of the scorecard ( i.e. nucleus competencies ) at the disbursal of the other aims. He cites the Hatfield derailment in 2000, as an illustration of uneven focal point and hapless integrating of schemes. However, by the same item, Child ( 2008:90 ) besides says that good integrating of schemes ( i.e. corporate, concern, functional and emergent ) can ease ‘dynamic capablenesss ‘ that will let an administration to ‘seize new chances leting it to reconfigure itself and accomplish sustainable competitory advantage. ‘ Decision It would be incorrect to see operations scheme as arising from one peculiar beginning, e.g. top-down. Clearly, the concern unit ‘s operations scheme is unfastened to many influences from the concern environment every bit good as internal/external organizational forces. However, if the balanced scorecard is designed good ( Atrill A ; McLaney, 2009:337-339 ) , it can assist the said concern unit develop utile aims and steps by which to estimate and better public presentation that benefit the administration financially as a whole and supply a nexus between scheme and construction ( Kaplan A ; Norton, 2006:104 ) . How to cite The Financial Perspective In A Business Commerce Essay, Essay examples

Lucky free essay sample

Who is the luckiest person you know? Many people consider luck as a gift, you either have it or you don’t. For me luck is a part of who I am. In some ways it has defined me. It has taught me valuable life lessons that have shaped my beliefs. Through experience I have learned that you cannot always rely on fate and that it is simply a blessing. When I ask people who is the luckiest person they know they always respond, â€Å"You†. I never considered myself lucky until one night when I bought my first scratch ticket and won a thousand dollars. We will write a custom essay sample on Lucky or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This was probably the most memorable moment of my life. I became incredibly overwhelmed with excitement and felt invincible. All those feelings ended on my way home when I was hit by a drunk driver. I never thought that misfortune would strike me in that way, especially after winning a thousand dollars. Luck has proven to me that I should appreciate everything that is given to me and I shouldn’t take anything for granted. Luck comes in all forms. I may have been hit by a drunk driver but luckily I was unharmed. This frightening incident has shown me the power of luck and how if you are not thankful what you are given can be taken away in a flash. It has also taught me that being considered lucky does not always involve money. I now appreciate life’s virtue. I am thankful to have a family and to be given opportunities. My outlook on people has changed significantly. I am aware of the misfortune in the world and I want to help and offer everything I can. I understand that my luck will one day run out and it is not something I should live by, but as of now I am grateful for what I have been given. It may have only taken me a car accident to figure this out, but I truly consider myself lucky to have learned from this.

Applying Sentence Variety Strategies To Your Writing

Applying Sentence Variety Strategies To Your Writing Strategies Of Sentence Variety A professional writer or a student, who needs to complete an essay, is scared of repetitive and difficult to read sentences. Remember the times, when the sentences seemed to be smooth in the process but turned out completely choppy in the result? That is why it is so important to read every work carefully, making all the necessary changes before submitting it. When you proofread your work, you can apply one of the multiple strategies of sentence variety and make the text understandable and clear. Such strategies are crucial if you want to create your own writing style and to show your personality. In this article, you will get familiar with sentence variety strategies and will be able to improve your writing. Evaluate sentence variety When you are writing a college assignment, an article or any other paper you don’t pay much attention to sentence structure and style, because it is very distracting and may influence creativity. That is why it is better to implement the strategy of sentence variety on the editing stage. It should consider the beginnings of your sentences, their type and lengths. Take a separate piece of paper and make three columns: Opening words of every sentence; Quantity of words in every sentence. To save time, don’t count the words on your own. Just select the sentence and use a built-in MS Word feature, called the Word Count; Types of sentences you have used. For example, affirmative, interrogative, exclamatory, etc. These three columns will be very helpful in identifying various problems. For example, too long sentences, repetitive information, wrong sentence types and so on. Once this stage is completed, you can apply one of the strategies, which are stated below. Include long and short sentences to change the rhythm If you write several sentences or even a whole paragraph of the same length, it may seem quite difficult to read. You risk of making the text monotonous. That is why it is better to include long and short sentences to make the text lively and fresh. Example: Michael became a book club member to discuss classical literature. He thought he would read Crime and Punishment, War and Peace and other famous books. However, he was very disappointed to find out that no one else read the book and that club’s members were simply gossiping. He went home not being able to discuss the book he has read and was very sad for expecting so much from the meeting. Revised version: Michael became a book club member to discuss classical literature like Crime and Punishment, War and Peace and other famous books. He realized, however, that no one has read them. Michael discovered that other members haven’t read the chosen book and were simply gossiping, that is why he decided to go home not being able to discuss the book he has read. It was pure disappointment. Sentence openings If many sentences start with a certain word, like The, This, I, It and so on, a common reader will find the work quite boring. You can prevent it simply by altering the beginning of your sentences. Example: Mark fell off his bike. Revised: After leaving his home, Mark fell off the bike. Clumsily, Mark fell off his bike. On the way to school, Mark fell off the bike. While heading to school, Mark fell off the bike. Types of sentences There are four main categories of sentences in English. They are based on dependent and independent clauses inside a certain sentence. Being able to distinguish different sentence types helps with adding complexity and variation to the assignment. Sentence types include: One independent and no dependent clause. For example, I like vanilla ice-cream; Several independent and no dependent clauses. For example, The dog barked and frightened the boy, and he ran away screaming; One independent and minimum one dependent clause. For example, Anna left when her husband arrived; Complex-compound. Several independent and minimum one dependent clause. She decided that the book was too scary but her daughter, who likes such stories, thought that her mother was wrong. Alter short sentences Although it is thought that short sentences are easier to understand, it is not always correct. If the text consists of many short and choppy sentences, the rhythm of the paper becomes unclear and the reading flow is greatly disturbed. If you want to fix the situation, follow these tips: Include conjunctions by joining your sentences with and, or, but, nor, yet, for, so. Example: Maria is a true adventurer. She goes hiking very often. Revised: Maria is a true adventurer and she often goes hiking. Connect two related sentences using the following connectors: unless, until, whether, whereas, since, that, even though, rather than, although, before, as, after, because. Example: Mark loves movies. He goes to the movie theater every Friday. Revised: Mark loves movies, that is why he goes to the movie theater every Friday. When you are working on a particular topic, it is quite easy to repeat sentences by accident. Such sentences, as well as many other typical mistakes, greatly contribute to monotonous works and lead to losing interest in the reading. To solve such a problem, use the following techniques: Using relative pronouns. Build one sentence inside another one, using which, that, who, whose, whoever. Example: Our lab work failed because of American citizens seem to face addiction problems Murphy’s Law. It states that if something might go wrong, it surely will. Revised: Our lab work failed because of Murphy’s Law that states if something might go wrong, it surely will. Include participles. Instead of using forms of the ‘to be’ verb, include present and past participles. Example: Anna was terrified to see the man lying on the pavement. She immediately called 911. Revised: Terrified to see the man lying on the pavement, Anna immediately called 911. Using prepositions. You can turn your sentence in a prepositional one, using such words as with, up, under, over, off, from, except, down, despite, after, behind, beneath, across, down, etc. Example: Jason used his father’s phone to call his girlfriend. This was surely against the rules. Revised: Against father’s rules, Jason used his phone to call his girlfriend. How to change sentences with similar rhythms and patterns Even an outstanding paper can seem quite boring if the sentences are of a similar pattern or rhythm. However, such a problem can be easily solved. Here are the best techniques: Using dependent markers. Don’t start every sentence with a subject. Instead, use phrases and clauses, like even if, because, before, whether, whenever, although, unless, in order to, until, after, though. Example: The room went completely silent when Anna, the Duchess, entered the room. Revised: When Anna, the Duchess, entered the room, it went completely silent. Using transitional verbs or phrases. To improve the sentence’s rhythm, you can use transitional verbs in the beginning. They include after all, accordingly, meanwhile, consequently, however, regardless, but, otherwise and many others. Example: Pharmaceutical producers are often focused on creating dependent drugs that have only a temporary effect on insomnia. American citizens seem to face addiction problems. Revised: producers are often focused on creating dependent drugs that have only a temporary effect on insomnia. Consequently, American citizens seem to face addiction problems.

Reading Response to Poem To Waken an Old Lady by William Carlos Williams

Reading Response to Poem To Waken an Old Lady by William Carlos Williams Reading Response to Poem To Waken an Old Lady by William Carlos Williams To Waken an Old Lady is a poem that was authored by William Carlos Williams. The poem essentially focuses on the aspect of old age. Therefore, the writer utilizes numerous bookish tools so as to construct the poem. In my experience of reading the poem I got attracted to the manner in which the author presented the poem the use of literary devices actually affected my experience. The use aspects of content, language and form were of greatest significance in the entire poem. Other literary devices have also been used in the construction of the poem. The elements used greatly affected my response to the poem, in its entirety. The literary devices employed by the author of the poem actually affected my response to the poem. Furthermore, they made me to focus more on one aspect of the poem than the others. I was significantly drawn to the aspect of old age and its prevalent connotations. This is due to the manner in which the author applied the literary elements all through. I cannot deny the great relevance of the above elements on my experience. William Carlos Williams makes great use of several elements in the presentation of the poem. Some of these elements are language, form and content. First of all I was greatly attracted to the aspect of content. The author chose to narrow down to old age as the essential content of the poem. Actually it activated me as I read through the poem. I just appreciate their use through out the reading. The language used by the author was both poetic and simple. This served two purposes at the same time. First was the fact that the poetic language made it possible for the poem to be appealing first as a text and second as a medium of communication. Subsequently, the language was simple enough to be comprehended by the reader. The use of literacy elements by William Carlos Williams in the construction of the poem, To Waken an Old Lady is inherently commendable. The form of the poem was great and played a great role in making my response to the poem. I tended to focus on the nature of the form employed by the author on the presentation of old age through symbolism. This constituted a key cause that manipulated my reading experience as well as my response. It actually changed my perception of the poem. Generally, the application of the several elements in the poem was of great magnitude not merely in the expansion of the poem, but towards the reading experience and response. William Carlos Williams, To Waken an Old Lady is a poem that focuses on the aspect of old age. Having read through the poem, my reading, and response experience was inherently influenced by the numerous literary devices and elements used by the author. As a result, the use of language, form and content were of great significance to the presentation of the entire poem. Actually it made me to focus primary on the prevalence of old age. This was due to the fact that old age was symbolized in several elements that the author employed in the construction of the poem.

Employee Training in Saudi Arabian SME Firms Essay

Employee Training in Saudi Arabian SME Firms - Essay Example This study is predicated on improved outcomes for employee training when executive or senior management show leadership through attendance at in-house training sessions. In Saudi Arabia, Bjerke and Al-Meer (1993) note that 'Arab employees' expectations, as seen by the managers, include "kind and human treatment", "care", "respect", "control", and "guidance"' (ibid. p.31). Further, Ali (2008) considers that this form of practical management is useful in motivating employees. Nevertheless, executive absence from other tasks may compromise the organisation's overall efficiency, although this stance is difficult to resolve, given the large number of variables involved and availability of hand-held communication devices. As this research examines the effectiveness of training programs with or without senior management participation, the objectives are therefore to consider subsequent employee attitudes and behaviours within these parameters. Further research could consider the cost of man agement attendance at in-house employee training courses against improved workplace environment. This research concerns employee training in selected small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Saudi Arabia, defined as firms providing manufacturing-related services with annual sales revenue not greater than Saudi Arabian Riyal (SAR) 25 million and not exceeding 150 full-time employees.. Saudi Arabian SMEs comprise some 55 per cent of all national industry. A preliminary survey of the literature shows that researchers have not to date focussed on the needs of this group, in particular the capacity of this sector to absorb and retain significant numbers of school leavers and graduates coming into the Saudi job market. Therefore, more attention is needed to investigate management and employee training for this group. For the purposes of this research, management training comprises the transfer of skills to plan, organise and lead staff to attain organisational goals. Whilst organisational resources, systems and goals are in place, the purpose of the firm is to successfully direct its human resources towards sustainability and profit. Further, the firm must conform to Saudisation regulations which to some extent direct the employment, remuneration and working conditions of Saudis. It should be noted that there are significant numbers of guest workers in the Saudi labour force, and as their remuneration and conditions are not as controlled by the authorities, they represent a significant competitive challenge to Saudi in the workplace/ Whilst there is significant attention placed in this study toward the training of employees, only those aspects that relate to performance enhancement, and career-building are enclosed, and operational factors related to tasks and use of technology are omitted. 3. Contribution to Knowledge This study adds to the body

Economic Growth in US Spurred by New Innovative Technologies Essay

Economic Growth in US Spurred by New Innovative Technologies - Essay Example The essay "Economic Growth in US Spurred by New Innovative Technologies" talks about the last 30 years of the 19th century which was a time in the United States history that was defined by economic growth spurred by new innovative technologies. The greater overall levels of prosperity lead to a massive population growth in this country.For example, the city of New York had a population of 468,492 in 1869, twenty years later the population had grown to 1,093,701 inhabitants. The cities became overpopulated and there was a need to expand away from the cities into the suburban areas. Society was in need of more housing for the new residents that were entering the country either through immigration or through natural birth. The most influential factor that spurred the economy during this era was the construction industry.There were big changes during this era in the capability humans had to travel longer distances in shorter periods of time. New technological breakthroughs in transportat ion systems shorten the distances between rural areas and cities. Some of the key transportation technologies that appeared during this era were the cable street car, the electric trolley, and elevated railroads. With the ability to travel further distances the population and families were able to move away to intermediate regions between the city and rural space, thus the suburban neighborhood was born. At this time construction of homes picked up and enter into the middle class was defined by ownership of a home.

Ethical Analysis of A Beautiful Mind Essay example -- Film Review, Eth

Ethical Analysis of â€Å"A Beautiful Mind† â€Å"A Beautiful mind† is a story based on the life of John Forbes Nash, who is a famous mathematician. Unfortunately, he is suffering from paranoid schizophrenia that majorly affects his personal and social life. Schizophrenia is a psychological disorder in which the patient’s ability to function is impaired by severely distorted beliefs, perceptions, and thought processes (Hockenbury, 2010). John Nash, the main character, faces many challenges in his professional life as well as in his personal life. His friends who later become his colleagues think that he is just plain crazy. They also find him entertaining. However, they cannot resist looking down on him for his strange behavior, difficulties with deadlines, and hardship with women. John is often distracted by visual hallucinations, experiences involuntary movements, and has issues communicating with others appropriately. Despite his illness, John Nash proves the Brouwer’s fixed point theorem while he is still attending Princeton University, and he finally earns his peers’ and his professor’s respect. He marries a graduate student, Alicia. She does not have any knowledge of John’s mental disorder until his condition begins to worsen and he becomes institutionalized and diagnosed with schizophrenia. She loves him and feels obligated to take care of him even though John endangers her and th eir baby’s life as well. She realizes that staying with Nash is a major responsibility; nevertheless, she decides to care for him and to deal with the consequences. Unfortunately, schizophrenia is a complex and misunderstood mental condition, sometimes resulting in society’s intolerance for those suffering from this illness, including John Nash. Societ... ...least advantaged because he relies on the welfare of others--his wife, his friends, and his psychiatrist. Fortunately, because Alicia has strong moral values she agrees to keep John away from the psychiatric clinic. She supports and understands him in every aspect. Even though John is mentally ill and the least advantaged, he still manages to live a meaningful life with the help of family and friends. Works Cited Grazer, B. (Producer), & Howard, R. (Director). (2001). A beautiful mind [Motion picture]. U.S.: Universal Pictures. Hockenbury, H. D., & Hunenbury, E. S. (2010). Discovering Psychology (5th ed.).New York: Worth. Jones, J. (2010). Medical Problems in Schizophrenia Can Be Prevented. Psych Central. Retrieved on December 7, 2011, from http://psychcentral.com/news/2010/07/26/medical-problems-in-schizophrenia-can-be-prevented/16004.html

The Importance of Business Communication

When you think about these two quotes you will find a lot of meanings, something happens in your life around you, about the relations and communication and how to deal with others not just on business also in your general life, so it is too important to learn how to communicate. Communication is the process of transmitting ideas, thoughts, information, opinions, and plans between various parts of an organization or sometimes to those on the outside of an organization who are interest in the business and need to know the information.Communication is one of the most basic functions of management in any organization. Its importance can never be over emphasized. The presence of business communication ensures that there is a sense of professionalism in the business. Good communication means your message is being sent and those receiving it clearly understand it in it’s entirely. Because of this, the receiver will more likely respond to it in a positive manner.When this occurs, it m eans the message was communicated effectively. A customer who receives poor communication from an employee will most likely have an unfavorable response to a company. The reason for this could be because the person listening does not possess a clear understanding of what the person doing the talking is actually saying. Perhaps the request is unclear, or maybe the person listening did not pay close enough attention. Human relations cannot be present without communication.Good and effective communication is required for both personal relationships and successful business relationships. You can use business software and other popular applications for writing communications, or you can utilize the telephone and in-person methods for the spoken part. No matter how you communicate, make sure there is both talking and listening going on and that you take the time to carefully consider what is being said to you. All three forms of communication are important to a business.The written  com munications can serve as a record of sorts while the phone conversations can facilitate the beginning of a great business relationship. The in-person communication will also help to further promote the business principles as well as the products. Face-to-face communication is especially important between companies and their customers. This is what keeps them coming back time and time again and what can place the business in the forefront of many situations that are perfect for acquiring and maintaining customers.Effective communication in business helps better understand a person or situation, enables us to resolve important differences, and builds trust and respect. Effective communication is also about exchanging information and it requires you to understand the emotion behind the information. Effective communication can also improve relationships at work, home, and in social situations by deepening your connections to others and improving teamwork, decision making, caring, and pr oblem solving. It is also stated that effective communication in a business is a learned skill.

The Race Of The Confederate - 1234 Words

Discussion The findings did not fully support our hypothesis. It does not appear that race impacted the reaction from the participants. This means that the race of the confederate did not significantly affect the level of the participant’s response to the spatial invasion. However, closeness significantly affected the negative reaction as White female students reacted more to a confederate sitting directly next to them than one seat away. The interaction between race and closeness was trending towards significance. Students would react more to White confederates when sitting next to participants than minority, but they would react more to minority confederates when sitting one seat away from them. The fact that there is no main†¦show more content†¦How the participants regarded the situation also would have greatly impacted their reactions. Felipe Sommer (1966) found that when spatial invasions occur, if the participant thought they were the subordinate, then they were drastically more likely to accommodate then to defend their territory. Similarly, Barash (1973) found that only the dominant of the two made demands for increased space. Although White women have more influence than minority women, these White students may see their minority peers as having more power. Due to Tulane’s new policies in respond to race issues, there is more aware of racial tensions, which could show White students that minority ones have more influence on campuses. If they saw the situation in this way, it would make sense why they would react more to White confederates than minority ones when sitting directly next to them. This dominance may actually have been increased by White students fear of being perceived as racist by their peers. Alexander Tredoux (2010) found that many White students reported anxiety in being regarded as racists. If this is true, then that would only increase the perceived dominance of minority women, since they would be too anxious to react to their spatial invasions. This does not necessarily mean these White students are actually racist. Spanierman et. al (2012)Show MoreRelatedTaking Down The Confederate Flag1577 Words   |  7 PagesSeptember 9, 2015 FA1 Debate Draft Taking down the Confederate Flag The confederate flag, a topic that has been the center of controversy for many years now, is an emblem of southern pride and heritage to some, while to some it is purely a symbol of hate and racism. After the shootings in South Carolina, it is clear that the flag should be taken down. Since it represents white supremacy and inequality and not Southern pride. The confederate flag, one of the most controversial image of the AmericanRead MoreRacism And The American Civil War963 Words   |  4 Pagesas someone who believes their race is the superior race. The current events with the confederate flags has brought about conversation that these people are racist. This term is correct but misused when discussing the context for the choice of words. Society believes these individuals are racist because displaying the flag is assumed to display hatred. These people who proudly display the confederate flag are racist because they believe the white race is the supreme race. There is nothing wrong withRead MoreThe Battle Of The Confederate Flag1208 Words   |  5 PagesThe debate over the recent mass shooting in Charleston, South Carolina has sparked a controversy involving the presence of the Confederate flag. Apparently, there is a common perception among Democrats that the Confederates are associated with racial crime and hate in America. The su spect behind the shooting in Charleston has confessed that he acted about the idea of white supremacy in the South. A large section of the American population agrees the flag is a symbol of racism since it was establishedRead MoreConfederate Flag : History Or Hate1688 Words   |  7 Pages The Confederate Flag: History or Hate The beginning of Confederate flag controversy started due to the request of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) to remove the flag off the South Carolina statehouse. This request, based on the fact that the anti-flag groups, claim that the meaning of the Confederate flag as one of hateful and discriminatory views. On the other hand, there are other groups that believe differently which considered themselves pro-flag groupsRead MoreRacial Formation As A Symbol Of Southern Pride988 Words   |  4 Pagesexample of racial formation is the removal of the confederate flag, after an incident that involved a white man who shoot and killed nine black people in a church. Afterwards, photos appeared online of the shooter waving the confederate flag. The flag has since become a controversial symbol, portraying racialism and white supremacists. I have always seen the confederate flag in war movies and viewed the flag as a symbol of southern pride. The confeder ate flag, historical background dates back to theRead MoreHistorical Heritage And Regional Identity1732 Words   |  7 Pagesall buildings on campus; the chancellor ultimately decided that the Associated Student Body was right in this decision. The appropriateness of the Confederate flag has become a major point of dispute in this country. In the state of Mississippi, however, the argument is complicated by the fact that the state flag itself incorporates the Confederate flag into its design. Those who advocate the change of the flag confirm what John Grisham, Morgan Freeman, et al. said in a letter to the editors ofRead MoreEthnic And Of The United States935 Words   |  4 Pagesamendments of the constitution is the fourteenth amendment, which freed the slaves and gave human equality and rights for all races in the US. Thus, African American still suffer the most today when a young white male shoot and killed nine African Americans in church in Charleston South Carolina (Schal ler). My research paper will consist of subjects whom they are related to race discrimination and what happened lately in Charleston church and who was behind this massacre and what was his motive to doRead MoreConfederate Flag Is America s Swastika1512 Words   |  7 PagesConfederate Flag In The Hill, a top U.S. political magazine, in June 2015, Contributor H. A. Goodman wrote, â€Å"The Confederate flag is indeed America s swastika.† In the same way the Jewish community sees the swastika as a painful reminder of the Holocaust, the African-American community perceives the flag as a reminder of slavery and racial discrimination. The Confederate flag, a relic of the devastating Civil War, has become one of the most controversial and contentious icons in American historyRead MoreEssay on Abraham Lincoln: Slavery and The End of the Civil War646 Words   |  3 Pagesmatter what color or race you are, you have the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It also states America’s freedom from Great Britain. What most people get wrong is that The Declaration of Independence wasnt signed on July 4, 1776. This was the date that congress Adopted and Printed the document. Many leaders didn’t sign the Declaration of Independence until after Augu st 2, 1776. The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary defines racism as â€Å"a belief that race is the primary determinantRead MoreThe Great American Civil War1204 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States of America, to form a new country, the Confederate States of America, Confederacy. This happened just after the election when the first republican president, Abraham Lincoln, was voted into office. At the time, South Carolina was the only state to secede from the union. On April 12, 1861, a full 114 days, a tiny fort was attacked. The fort was called Fort Sumter. It was the first attack on the United States of America by the Confederate States of America. There were no casualties in the

The Theme of the Epic Poem, Beowulf Essay - 979 Words

The Theme of Beowulf Interpretations of Beowulf vary. In this essay I hope to state clearly some of the popularly mentioned themes running through the poem. â€Å"Many critics feel that the speech of Hrothgar between lines 1700 and 1784 encapsulates the moral of the poem†¦.’He does not know the worse – till inside him great arrogance grows and spreads’† (Shippey 38). Hrothgar’s ominous words do come back to haunt the hero more than once. Beowulf is a braggart; he is proud, and nothing seems able to change his basic proud outlook derived from his all-powerful physical strength. Even shortly before his own defeat against the fire-dragon, our hero is recalling his killing of the great hero of the Hugas with his bare†¦show more content†¦Beowulf escaped by his own strength, did hard sea-duty; he held in his arms the battle-outfits of thirty [warriors] when he turned to the sea: No need to boast about that foot-fight among the Hetware who bore shields against him; few returned to see their homes after facing the brave, the daring man. Across the seas Ecgtheow’s son, alone and lonely, swam to his homeland. Beowulf seems to display absolute confidence in his own strength. So indeed, Shippey may be correct in asserting that Hrothgar’s advice that pride as the downfall of great people especially, is the theme of the poem. But in â€Å"Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics† Tolkien states another view on the theme: Let us suppose that our poet had chosen a theme more consonant with â€Å"our modern judgment†: the life and death of St. Oswald†¦. It is just because the main foes in Beowulf are inhuman that the story is larger and more significant thanShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Good And Evil In Beowulf882 Words   |  4 PagesIn the epic poem, Beowulf, perhaps the most important theme seen throughout is the portrayal of good and evil, and how this portrayal impacts the story. The epic poem is about an epic hero, Beowulf, who is completely thought of as a good character and a strong warrior. The unknown author of this poem makes Beowulf out to be, ultimately, a glorified killer of the perceived monsters. However, the poem in and of itself is an opinionated story which gives the bare amount of opposition to show that perhapsRead MoreBeowulf as Epic823 Words   |  4 PagesWhat makes an epic? Is Beowulf an epic? ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · What is an epic poem, and how does it differ from other kinds of poetry or storytelling? How have epic poems traditionally been transmitted from generation to generation? How do tellers remember these long and complicated stories? According to Robert Harris’s Glossary of Literary Terms, he defines an epic as the following: Epic. An extended narrative poem recounting actions, travels, adventures, and heroic episodes and written in a high style (withRead MoreEssay about Pagan Aspects in Beowulf1573 Words   |  7 PagesScholars have argued about the religious stance of the epic poem Beowulf for centuries. Although the man who put the poem down on paper, known as the Beowulf poet, was a devout Christian, the actual poem itself is pagan. There are many clues in the epic that lead us to this conclusion such as the numerous references to pagan symbols, namely the symbol of fate. Also, the central idea of revenge in the poem opposes the ideas of Christianity. The poem also contains many breaches of the Ten CommandmentsRead MoreThe Adaptation Of The Epic Of Beowulf1657 Words   |  7 Pages The epic poem Beowulf is one of the oldest surviving literary pieces and therefore one of the most important works of Old English literature. John Gardner, in the form of the novel Grendel, created an adaptation based on one of the most well known epic poems. The adaptation is a successful one due to the fact that Gardner maintains the pivotal events from the plot that are present in the original Beowulf. The adaptation reincarnates the original through its use of the same characters present inRead MoreEssay on Good vs Evil in Beowulf1568 Words   |  7 PagesIn Beowulf, the clash between good and evil is the poems main and most significant focal point. Although the epic poem Beowulf utilizes many characteristics of Christian themes, the violence in the poem relates to paganism. By exploring the characteristics of â€Å"good vs. evil† such as Cain, Grendel and Beowulf, this paper will explore the elements of Beowulf in such a light. The Anglo-Saxon poem, Beowulf, was originally told orally then later was written down anonymously in the Old English languageRead MoreEssay Beowulf: Epic or Elegy?763 Words   |  4 PagesWriting Lab III Beowulf: Epic or Elegy? Beowulf is a poem written in manuscript form created in England sometime between the years 700 and 1000AD. The author is unknown to this day. Is Beowulf an epic poem or an elegy? An epic is â€Å"a long narrative poem in elevated style presenting characters of high position in adventures forming an organic whole through their relation to a central heroic figure and through their development of episodes important to the history of a nation or race† (HarmonRead MoreThe Similarities Of An Epic Hero In Beowulf And Iron Man1183 Words   |  5 Pagesis not always true. In Beowulf and Iron Man, the use of theme and qualities of an epic hero are used to portray that they are similar and different. Three qualities that an epic hero must have are to be courageous, to have superhuman strength, and to be selfless. The theme in Beowulf and Iron Man is triumph because they both overcome challenging obstacles. The theme helps the reader in real life because that person will have to overcome tough challenges to persevere. The theme helps structure how theRead MoreFree Will And Religion : An Epic Hero1478 Words   |  6 Pagescase in the epic poem, Beowulf. The story ’s protagonist must endure many trials throughout his journey as an epic hero, defeating his opponent each time. However, Beowulf believes it is not his own strength, but the will of God that he is able to become victorious. As his journey through life continues, from warrior to king, fatalism is present time and time again in all his actions. In Seamus Heaney’s translation of Beowulf, the theme of fate dictates the outcome of each battle Beowulf must overcomeRead MoreEssay on Beowulf study guide1576 Words   |  7 Pages1) Describe how we find King Hrothgar and his response to learning that Beowulf has come to his kingdom. A. The king is sad and depressed that his kingdom has fallen into such a state of disrepair. He is overjoyed to learn that Beowulf, whom he knows from stories and his father, Ecgtheow, has come to fight Grendel. Hrothgar promises Beowulf treasure if he can defeat the monster. 2) In the beginning of â€Å"Beowulf,† King Hrothgar’s hall has been deserted for twelve years. In a short essay, tell whyRead MoreFate in Beowulf1506 Words   |  7 Pagesof Faith in Beowulf A Twist of Fate for the Great Hero Beowulf Fate seems to be an ongoing theme in the works of Boethius and Beowulf. Whether it is a belief of Christian providence or pagan fatalism, the writers of these works are strongly moved by the concept of fate and how it affects the twists and turns of a persons life. Fate is most often seen as the course of events in a persons life that leads them to inevitable death at some time or another. Throughout the poem Beowulf, the characters

The Debate on Abortion Laws in the United States - 1256 Words

There are always a number of heated debates within the United States. These debates area always a hot topic and very controversial issues. Due to how controversial they are is why they become such largely debated topics with many people having very different views on the specific topic. For example there is a Democratic and Republican party in the United States people either stick with one side or the other due to their beliefs and sometimes can be neutral or on the other party’s side for certain topics. Abortion is a very controversial topic as it always has been all around the country but more specifically in the United States. There are two sides to the debate those who believe abortion should be legal and their organization is known as prochoice. On the other side there are the group of people who believe that abortion should not be legal and reverse the laws from what they are today this organization is known as prolife. It seems as though both of the organizations are v ery extreme while there can be some people who a neutral and believe in some ideas from the prochoice yet they also agree with some of the ideas from prolife. The two sides to the debate on abortion are known as pro-choice and pro-life although this topic is very controversial, today there is also a history of abortion laws and a very important case known as Roe vs. Wade which played a huge role in determining what laws on abortion are in the present. Additionally, the case of Roe vs. Wade was aShow MoreRelatedThe Gardens Of Democracy By Eric Liu And Nick Hanauer1443 Words   |  6 Pageswith the government or politics. This includes issues related to party politics, political system, or social, environmental or other issues as determined by the voting public. In Eric Liu and Nick Hanauer’s book The Gardens of Democracy (2011), it states that â€Å"the failure of American politics to address and solve the great challenges of our time such as climate change and shriveling of the middle class is not just a failure of will or nerve, but it is equally a failure of ideas and understanding†Read MoreAbortion: A Heated Debate and Hot Topic in the United States Essay1256 Words   |  6 Pagesheated debates within the United States. These debates are always a hot topic and very controversial issues. Due to how controversial they are, is why they become such largely debated topics with many people having very different views on the specific topic. For example, there is a Democratic and Republican party in the United States; people either stick with one side or the other due to their beliefs and sometimes can be neutral or on the other party’s side for certain topics. Abortion is a veryRead MoreA Comprehensive Review Of The Civil Liberty Debate On Abortion.1500 Words   |  6 PagesA Comprehensive Review of the Civil Liberty Debate on Abortion Of all the issues plaguing the United States, currently and in the past, abortion rights have been one of the most passionately debated civil liberty issues. Edward Sidlow and Beth Henschen define civil liberties as â€Å"Individual rights protected by the Constitution against the powers of the government†(72). Some argue that women should be protected from the powers of government in terms of reproductive rights while others argue thatRead MoreWomen s Issue Paper : Abortion1285 Words   |  6 PagesWoman’s Issue Paper: Abortion Abortion: a ·bor ·tion/əˈbà ´rSH(É™)n/noun 1. the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy (Abortion-Dictionary.com ). One in every three women have an abortion by the age of 45 (Operation Rescue Inc). Though the act of abortion is common it has been an emotionally draining debate since the mid 1970’s, but has always been a hot topic since the 1800’s. There are two sides to this debate. One side is pro-lifeRead MoreThe Gardens Of Democracy By Eric Liu And Nick Hanauer1446 Words   |  6 Pageswith the government or politics. This includes issues related to party politics, political system, or social, environmental or other issues as determined by the voting public. In Eric Liu and Nick Hanauer’s book The Gardens of Democracy (2011), it states that â€Å"the failure of American politics to address and solve the great challenges of our time such as climate change and shriveling of the middle class is not just a failure of will or nerve, but it is equally a failure of ideas and understanding†Read MoreAbortion, Gun Control / Safety, And Marriage Equality1370 Words   |  6 PagesPeople debate deeply on topics such as abortion, gun control/safety, and marriage equality. It is not possible to make all people agree on topics such as those. There are many religions and cultures that people come from; everyone values their own beliefs. The conflict between two sides of abortion has occurred ever since 1960s and early 1970s due to Roe v. Wade case. â€Å"In Roe v. Wade (1973), the U.S. Supreme Court stated that abortion bans were unconstitutional in every state, legalizing abortion throughoutRead MoreThe Controversial Issue Of Abortion1555 Words   |  7 Pagestopic of abortion in the United States has been and remains one of the most controversial issues in western culture and politics. An abortion can be defined as the expulsion of a fetus from the uterus before it can survive on its own. This comprises two major forms of abortion: spontaneous, which is often referred to as a miscarriage or induced abortion, which is the deliberate termination of a pregn ancy. The term is commonly used to refer to the induced abortion, and this is the abortion, which hasRead MoreThe Debate On Abortion And Gun Control1604 Words   |  7 Pageswith the governance of a country or other area. This especially applies to the debate or conflict among individuals or parties in hope of achieving power. Dealing with politics there is always a side that agrees and disagrees, thus developing the debate. Two of the most domestic controversial political topics are abortion and gun control. As for international there is terrorism. These three topics have been ongoing debates for some time. Everyone’s opinion on political controversies can be based onRead MoreThe Gardens Of Democracy By Eric Liu And Nick Hanauer1571 Words   |  7 Pageswith the government or politics. This includes issues related to party politics, political system, or social, environmental or other issues as determined by the voting public. In Eric Liu and Nick Hanauer’s book The Gardens of Democracy (2011), it states that â€Å"the failure of American politics to address and solve the great challenges of our time such as climate change and shriveling of the middle class is not just a failure of will or nerve, but it is equally a failure of ideas and understanding†Read MoreAbortion : The Issue Of Abortion1411 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Abortion is one of the most common medical procedures performed in the United States each year† (Abortion Overview and History). It is the termination of a human pregnancy, which is often performed during the first twenty-eight weeks of pregnancy. The topic of abortion seems to be a major issue in todays time. There are many people who are for it and many people who are against it. Religion has a lot to do with the side that people take on this issue. Many people see abortion as committing murder

The Fashion of Warriors Free Essays

Memoirs off Secret Empire . Samurai I PBS Search Support for PBS. Org provided by: What’s this? Sam aura warriors me urged as an elite force in Japan’s prop inches during the early 1 20th century . We will write a custom essay sample on The Fashion of Warriors or any similar topic only for you Order Now Recruited by local chieftains, these fighting forces were m maintained long enough to wage a specific war, after which the soldiers would return to their lands to till the soil. With Japan’s me proper live ins in the ancient capital of Ky tot and unable to m maintain control of the prop inches, the Sam aura clans established them sell sees as v table political entities. By the late 1 2 the century , Sam aura lords ruled both the prop inches and central Japan. They m maintained their influence until the m id-1 87 g’s when the Sam aura class was outlawed and their privy ledge status was dissolve deed. Samurai warriors were at the top of the social order CASTE POSITION The Sam aura class, â€Å"shim in,† form deed Japan’s top elite, and were the only caste granted the privy liege of wearing two swords and have ins two name sees?a fame ill and a first name e. The shoguns and Adam y o lords were m me beers of the shim in caste. THEN NOW Modern Japan still m maintains a culture based on the incepts of 1/3 The rigorous training of a Sam aura warrior began in childhood. Sam aura school was a unique com abomination of pay sisal training, Chinese studies, poetry and spiritual discipline. The y nouns warriors studied Keno (â€Å"the Way of the Sword†), the m oral code of the Sam aura, and Zen www. PBS. Org/empires/Japan/entered_8. HTML Buddhism . Sam aura were expected to live e according to Bushier (â€Å"The Way of the Warrior†), a strict ethical code influenced by Confucianism that stressed LOL alt to one’s m aster, respect for one’s superior, ethical behave ROR in all aspects of life and mom plate self-discipline. Girls also receive deed m arterial arts training. Although m cost Sam aura whom en did not fight on the battlefield, they were prepared to defend their homo sees against NV adders. The Sam aura attached great IM portable to the circus stances of their own death. If a Sam aura died of his own accord, it was considered a v Lillian end. Rather than suffer defeat or hum location at the hands of an enema y , Sam aura warriors often chose ritual suicide (speedup). After Outgas lye ass united Japan, Sam aura m litany serve ices were rarely needed. Though they continued to train daily , Sam aura gradually transform deed from warriors to bureaucrats. As townspeople acquired new wealth, the Sam aura, barred from engaging in com m race, found them sell sees in dire circus stances. For m any Sam aura, peace led to despair. Nor and sham e, funded mental to the Sam aura code. Sam aura warriors took great care sty ling their hair, which they pulled back into a topknot called a â€Å"chomp age. † For battle, Sam aura warriors shave deed the tops of their heads, which reduced the heat under their heave y helm test, and ore their hair straight on the sides. When not wearing helm test, they pulled the side and back hair into a topknot. A Sam Uri’ s clothing sty el was v ere IM portent and indicative e of status. Outlandish, colorful patterns were considered IM m oddest and conceited. Though Sam aura children dressed flam boy antsy , they became e m ore subdued in appearance after their com ins-of-age Ceres non . The Sam Uri’s eve ere day wear was a Kim non, usually consisting of an outer and inner lay ere. Norm ally m add of silk, the quality of the Kim non depended on the Sam Uri’s income e and status. Beneath the Kim non, the warrior wore a loincloth. The Sam Uri’s swords were norm ally thrust through an â€Å"Obi,† a belt wrapped around the waist, and were always s worn on the left side. How to cite The Fashion of Warriors, Essays

Global Wine War free essay sample

Human beings have been dealing with wine for thousands of years, from the Mesopotamians to the ancient Egyptians, from the Greeks to the ancient Romans, the latter which under their vast empire spread viticulture through the Mediterranean region. Through centuries countries, such as France and Italy, obtained a consolidated position in the wine industry, both in demand and production. In the last part of the 20th century newcomers (Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, Argentina, Chile, USA, etc. have successfully challenged the leadership of the so-called Old World that represented the majority of global market share. Wine Industry Analysis using the Porter’s Five forces Model A brief Porter’s five forces analysis can help understand how the evolving of competitive environment is actually composed and why this market shake occurred. Figure 1. 1: Porter’s Five Forces Model For what concerns the threat of new entrants; the Old World companies completely underestim ated this threat. When the newcomers entered the market they could bargain market share of the pre-existing ones without facing real opposition, exploiting better marketing strategies and more efficient organizational approaches. Regarding to the threat of substitute products; this seems to be a challenge for the future, with the introduction of branding as a marketing approach; the threats from the beer industry and â€Å"soft drinks† producers must be taken into account. Referring to the bargaining power of buyers and suppliers, the entrants are in a much better position because of bigger production plants which allow them to gain a stronger contractual power towards distributors; moreover their value chains are more concentrated removing the troubles of the too much fragmentation and variety of actors between the producer and the consumer, which on the contrary, Old World’s competitors are facing. Furthermore analyzing the rivalry among existing competitors it is possible to understand that the traditional producers are facing much more difficulties, because they cannot exploit advantages the newcomers have, such as professional management, large marketing investments and economies of scale and scope. Unfortunately, these are not the only intricacies they are bearing with; the pre-existing producers have always been in competition one against the other, making it more difficult to achieve competitive advantages through cooperation. Eventually the newcomers are concentrating their action in the new growing markets while the old ones are still mainly struggling in the Old World declining markets. Network value analysis It is also of a relevant importance introducing the Chain Value Model that was at first presented by Porter in â€Å"Competitive Advantage. Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance†. This model was introduces in order to better understand the activities through which a firm, in particular a wine firm, develops a competitive advantage and creates shareholder value (fig. 1. 2). Concerning the primary activities we can see that in both the inbound and the outbound network logistics, the NW producers managed to reduce costs of transport and warehousing, exploiting new technologies of packaging (an example is the Australian â€Å"wine-in-a-box† instead of the classic glass bottle. ) Analyzing the outbound logistics, it is possible to explore the fact that as consequence of being big multinationals the newcomers can bargain power of the distributors, carving out margins which the European competitors are not able to gain due to the excess of fragmentation which reduce contractual power towards the distributors. With reference to the inbound logistic a major role in reducing costs per unit is played by mechanization and scale economies, which are widely exploited by the NW producers. The same advantages are reflected on the operations where mechanization of harvesting and scale are making the incumbents competitors more profitable, moreover they are also exploiting scope economies, while in the Old World, the fragmentation and the wide specialization, which were the strength of the systems now are showing themselves as weaknesses. Figure 1. 2: Chain Value Model† by Michael Porter The use of new technologies and new organizational approaches are also incident on the quality of the final product, which is granted by the integration of the processes and an efficient network strategy by the newcomers, while in the OW these challenges have not been answered yet. One of the largest disadvantages the mature competitors are facing concern the activity of marketing and sales, where due to the newcomers approach they are loosing the market confront. The Old World is exploiting factors largely underemployed by the Europeans, the use of professional marketing, market researches try to understand and forecast the market in order to be more responsive to the real needs of the demand. The correct use of branding from part of the NW producers is resulting as one of the strongest competition advantage towards the OW ones. Concerning the support activities the situation does not vary, the new-comers have advantages in the firm infrastructures mainly because of a more efficient organization of the all networks and because of a better organization and integration of the production chain. As regards to the Human Resources Management the differences are mainly a consequence of the different organization types of the actors of the market; in the New World the companies are organized as multinationals with professional managers and marketers, in the Old World the firms are often too small, fragmented and in competition among them to have access to such resources. On the side of technology development the newcomers are exploiting the new technologies in order to gain efficiency and quality, developing new mechanical tools and new approaches mainly regarding harvesting. Completely different is the approach of the New World competitors, strongly opposing the use of new technologies providing quality with a traditionalist method, an unfortunate approach for gaining market share. In terms of procurement it is unclear if there are advantages of one system towards the other. The outcome of the analysis shows how the New World could gain market share against the Old World, challenging a domination that lasted for centuries. 1. How did the French became the dominant competitors in the increasingly global wine industry for centuries? What sources of competitive advantage were they able to develop in order to support their exports? Where were they vulnerable? * Competitive advantage sources: history and traditions; know-how; experience; strong internal demand; world wide quality recognition; leader in wine sector for centuries. * Weak areas: fragmented chain of production; too strict regulation and classification; scarce innovations; no differentiation of the product; poor marketing; no branding bargaining power. As wine production grow up in the Mediterranean area, this alcoholic beverage became more and more blended with cultures, religious traditions and everyday life in the area that now is called the â€Å"Old World†. Wine first uses and its complex production made it not accessible for all, actually it was considered a luxury good. But centuries of development in the production process, like vineyard horses or row plantations, innovations in the distribution and preservation of the wine, like cork stopper or mass roduction of glass bottles, made it affordable for everyone generating a strong internal demand in countries such us French, Italy, Germany and so on. Specifically, regarding France, in 1966 the domestic demand accounted for 120 liters per capita and it became the country with the higher consumption of wine, followed by Italy with 110 liters. In order to better understand the dimension of the market, in the same year in Australia, USA and UK the annual per capita consump tion was far less than 10 liters. In France, wine was not only highly consumed in every house, but it became one of the business strengths of the country. Actually it was the second largest French export, because History and tradition made the French wine synonymous of quality in the whole world. Moreover, since there were hundreds of different types wine, French government codified a hierarchical classification (Appellation dOrigin Controllee AOC, Vins Delimites de Qualite Superieure VDQS, Vins de Pays) and nurtured the concept of terroir to help consumers recognize their finest wines in a highly fragmented market. This significantly strict regulation was an important innovation that made the difference among the main competitors, such as Italy or Spain. French source of competitive advantage was not only the century know-how that permitted to have a high quality wine and the strong internal demand, but also the demand coming from the neighboring countries without a highly developed wine industry. Wine producers, in many countries of Europe, were isolated from each others, and most of the world’s wine drinkers consumed either local wines or imported from close winemakers. This tradition made the fortune of France, since the climate and the soil in the United Kingdom didn’t allow grape growing enough to satisfy the huge internal demand, British were forced to import from the closest producer. The century tradition was an advantage for the French wine because it was a symbol of quality, but it was also a drawback, because it fiercely limited the flow of innovation and development concerning the production, distribution and branding of wine. Moreover, since the whole production chain was fragmented in many segments, there was a lack of economies of scale and integration that had terrible results in market power of the French producers. Actually branding was poor or even not existing and a number of small producers with very small bargaining power were incapable to deal with retailers as supermarkets loosing market visibility and the connection with the whole segment of customers. The direct competitors, the Old World producers, were all in the same situation: fixed to the traditions and unable to satisfy the increasing fast-changing consumer tastes and preferences. The fact that they had been the market leaders for centuries made them unconscious about the possibility of new hardened competitors growing in the New World. 2 What changes in the global industry structure and competitive dynamics led France and other traditional producers lose their market share to challengers firm Australia, US, and other New World countries in the late 20th century? In the last twenty years, the worldwide wine industry has become increasingly internationalized and sophisticated, though over the years, the market has become fragmented, international, multi-lingual, operating in many currencies, and information-intensive. The wine industry globally faces continued shake-up and consolidation and the generation of mega wine companies has become inevitable as no one wine company listed or private currently has more than one percent of the world wine market, in stark contrast to other beverages. Global wine showed solid growth in volume terms in recent years, up nearly two percent to 25,066 million liters. Still red wine provided much of the impetus for volume growth in the world wine market over survey period, with sales rising nearly 12% between 1998 and 2003. However, volume growth of global wine was dampened by changing patterns of consumption in important Western European markets, like Italy, France, Portugal and Spain, as younger consumers moved away from traditional everyday wine drinking to more occasional consumption. Globally, the two countries that are leading the wine production and consumption businesses are France and Italy. However, the irony is that these two countries are also witnessing a steady erosion of their global market share. In our opinion there are five key success factors that we have identified that are extremely relevant to compete favorably in the global wine industry: * a strong existing domestic market * domestic market growth potential * economies of scale advantage * industry adaptability to change and * potential to attract foreign investment. First, a strong domestic market is one where a large volume of wine is purchased and where consumers readily select domestic wines. Second, even more important is the potential for growth in a producer’s domestic market, as this shows if opportunities for additional sales exist where producers may have local knowledge and other native advantages such as local distribution. Third, countries where production is dominated by larger firms have the advantages of scale and scope as well as improved power in promoting and pushing their wines to consumers and retailers. Fourth, industry adaptability to change summarizes the willingness of producers to experiment with cost saving production methods or to pioneer new marketing techniques. It also indicates if producers are free from excessive regulations or blind adherence to long standing traditions. Finally, countries that have business-friendly climates, favorable costs or other natural comparative advantages will attract foreign investment in wine production, which makes these countries stronger global competitors. Old World producers were the first to define tastes and quality standards and they have traditionally been supported by a strong local consumer base. The New World has had to work hard to build their wine industry, both in infrastructure and reputation. Large scale wine production is relatively recent, and many of the New World producers faced difficulties such as currency collapse, prohibition and international sanctions. Per-capita consumption also lags that of the Old World countries. Yet New World producers have recently been successful in producing consistent quality wine and in capturing global market share. .The group with the strongest competitive position includes Australia, Chile and the United States. Australia and Chile both have small populations that provide for a tiny domestic market with little potential for growth. However they are very well positioned to produce and export wine with their adaptive, large-scale producers and their great lure for foreign investments, providing them with a position of a strong competitive advantage. The US is a populous, affluent nation, and while the US wine market is already large, it has even more potential to expand. With all other key success factors strongly favorable, the US also possesses significant competitive advantages. The countries with the weakest competitive advantages in the global wine industry are two traditional strongholds of wine production in the Old World: France and Germany. While they have large domestic markets, there is little opportunity for further growth. There are many causes of the decline of France, and the Old World in general, in the market share of this sector; these concerns globalization, changes in the demand, more responsive strategies of the rivals and also the lack of market research and marketing investments by the French firms and totally ineffective technology and innovation policy. Moreover, the concentration of production into small wineries, complex labeling practices and inability to leverage new production and marketing techniques does also not bode well for effective competition in a global market place. Nor does either country hold much potential for attracting foreign investment, save for some traditionally undervalued areas of France, like Languedoc. In response to the shrinking costs of transport, globalization allowed companies situated in different areas of the globe competing in the same final market, an example is the UK one, where in the past the demand was completely satisfied by French, Italian and German wines. Although consumption per person has decreased in traditional consuming and producing countries (Italy, Spain, France), the consumption and production of wine is increasing in new countries in northern Europe, Americas and Asia. Countries like South Africa, Australia, Chile and Argentina are radically modifying the industrys competitive environment. With the globalization of the wine market, the environment is becoming more competitive and producers are implementing new strategies. We can observe two very different production and marketing models. * The traditional French model, based on the certificate of guaranteed origin (AOC), whose objective is to turn out a high added value typical product in limited quantities through the combination of a demarcated territory called terroir and enforcement of constraining specifications and regulations. The second, is being implemented by producers in the so called New World (the United States/California, Australia, South Africa, Chile, Argentina). It is based on â€Å"industrialized† mass production and intense marketing of relatively standardized products which are easily identifiable through private brands. There are different observable relationships between the players and the production sites in the industry. In this context, the French wine industry appears to be in an insid ious or even open crisis. In most producing regions, a major symptom is the decrease in domestic sales in a context of market shrink. In addition, there is a loss of export market shares which is estimated at ten points in several countries that have traditionally been markets for French such as Great-Britain, Germany and Canada. In these cases, these losses are not due to an overall market decline, which is actually on the rise, but rather to the increase in competition by producers who are mostly from the southern hemisphere (Argentina, Chile, Australia, South Africa) and California. The real alleged weaknesses of the French wine industry have been the subject f numerous analysis and reinforcement proposals: regulations which are too strict and consequently slow down innovation, a complex and hard to understand product supply, minimal or even no effort made concerning promotion and marketing. Furthermore, we believe that the main mistake lies in the structural organization of the wine industry in France. Hence, we would like to not concentrate on the wine product and its specific qualities but will try to compare the way the industries’ players are organized, in order to analyze where the French industry is not adequate to modern challenges. The terroir/AOC model has been a reference for worldwide wine production until the 1980s but it is no longer the case in the early 2000s. Why is Frances position on the international wine markets degrading while New World wines experienced spectacular improvements and now aim at catching up with traditional Old World products? From an organizational point of view the terroir/AOC model seems to have a certain number of cumulative weak points in comparison to the new worlds model (identifiable with Porter-like clusters. In terms of the supply structures, the French established supply model and infrastructure are characterized by fragmentation and a high number of small winemakers that have a negative effect on investment capacities (material or immaterial) in the industry as a whole. This fragmentation has certainly a negative effect on the ability to innovate in terms of products, processes and even marketing and selling. The small scale of businesses and lack of tradition as regards pooling resources do not allow producers to find the financial means necessary for heavy investments. This weakness tends to neutralize the local industry’s reaction capability when it faces the new environment pressures. The fragmented supply chain is, indeed, both the cause and the consequence of a â€Å"non-competitive/non-co-operative† tradition among producers; individual strategies of traditional producers aim to avoid all forms of comparison with neighbours and potential competitors. This lack of cooperation is, in Porters perspective, one of the major weak points. On one side, for New World producers, wine-making is an economic activity and is taken on as such: producers define output, profit and market share growth objectives and give themselves the means to reach them. On the other, for traditional terroir producers, wine production, though highly lucrative, is not taken on in its economic dimension but rather centered round the â€Å"cultural† nature of the product. The New World producers are turned towards innovation, the terroir is founded on immutability of tradition; it is consequently strongly resistant to change. Terroirs’ organization model is traditionally supply driven in a context of scarcity. This avoids producers to think about productive environment and production method change. Consequently, traditional producers have had trouble in considering both the qualitative and quantitative evolution of demand and its consequences on supply, where â€Å"New World† producers are used to have a proactive behavior and, therefore, anticipating and stimulating it. And even when the need to change is implemented, the existence of tight regulation within a specific AOC can make a substantial product modification or production method more difficult to happen. A further set of identifiable weak points is linked to the nature of the top-down complementary relationships between grape growers and wine traders and to the transaction costs that result. The terroir/AOC† model of organization tends to generate opportunistic behaviour that can call into question its very survival, specifically in a very competitive context. In fact, while the perspective of getting an AOC label encourages players to enhance production quality, it may lead to let up on efforts made to maintain product quality once the label has been obtained, interfering with the overall image of the terroir and raising suspicion as regards product quality. To particularly highlight is the existence of incomplete contracts between grape growers and winemakers/wine merchants, the latter being responsible for the marketing of the product. This â€Å"generates considerable price variations and makes it impossible to set up contracts that guarantee traders constant and adequate wine supplies in terms of quantity and quality. The problem can spread to wines beyond generic wines and condemns, in advance, all ambitious and viable marketing strategies from the traders. † The presence of extremely heterogeneous quality levels within the same appellation can thus call into question the appellation itself and therefore the whole of the â€Å"terroir/AOC† organization and strategy. To avoid such opportunistic behaviours, autonomous certification bodies should be entitled to reconsider such certification on a regular basis and ban weak products/producers. The industry’s players themselves or a third party must assume responsibility for product quality guarantee. A major terroir organization characteristic is fragmentation and corporatism. Consequently, taking responsibility for such guarantee scheme is extremely difficult owing to incompatible corporatist and general interests. What is more, the existence of non-market regulation mechanisms (based on, for example, family or friendship ties) can in this case be counter-productive. Indeed, players can be tempted not to sanction one of their kin in the name of these relationships and later themselves avoid possible sanctions, whereas the intervention of a third party that is likely to guarantee this quality is difficult to promote with local entities. Under the AOC label, regulation is indeed carried out at local level by local players themselves and therefore known to be rather lax: making it impossible to use the label as a genuine quality guarantee. 3. 1 What advice would you offer today to the French Minister of Agriculture? To the head of the French wine industry association? To the owner of a mid-size, well regarded Bordeaux vineyard producing wines in the premium and super premium categories? French Minister of Agriculture: increase government investments in the wine industry; promote a responsible wine consumption of wine through events marketed at the new generation; create a new clear classification system based on the consumer tastes; promote the creation of big companies and disadvantage the proliferate of little-medium producers; sign contracts with other agriculture ministers of consumers countries in order to favour the French wine. Head of the French wine association: better integrate the network; quickly spread the know-how, techniques and innovations throught the French producers; promote wine events to increase the consumptions; promote the invention of new products made with wine; try to anticipate the next changes in the consumer tastes; advertise and invest more on the type of wine that is preferred by the consumers in that very moment; make advertisement aimed to a responsible and wealthy consumption of wine; try to drive the consumption to the type of wine that is over offered; lobbying the ministry of agriculture in order to have grants and privileges. Owner of the mid-size, well regarded Bordeaux vineyard: found a bigger company with the surrounding producers; invest in innovating the production process in order to increase the quantity and the quality; buy extensive land in the New World and exploit economic scale advantages. 3. 1 Possible advices to the French Minister of Agriculture Since the main objective of France is to take back the market share of the past and maintain the leader position in the wine market, it has to better exploit its competitive advantages and adopt some technical and marketing innovations in order to compete and defeat the new threatening producers. The first functional recommendation for the French Minister of Agriculture is to increment the government investments in the wine industry. The larger flow of money would be used, firstly, to invent or to develop techniques and tools for harvesting or farm vineyards, secondly, to achieve and overtake the distribution and marketing level of the New World producers. All those developments will also increase the production of wine and fulfil a larger portion of the international demand. In the last ten years, the new generation has grown with a high consumption of beer and super-alcoholic cocktails, the French Minister could aim to substitute these beverages with the wine. He might promote a responsible wine consumption through events directed to the new generation. It is important to advertise wine as a drink for all ages instead of a refined beverage just for mature people as this would implement the demand from part of the younger generation. One of the common problems of wine consumers is choosing which kind of wine and which brand purchase at the supermarket. This issue could be solved with a classification of brands and wine names that could be easily understood and memorized by the consumers. Quality can be maintained and highlighted also gathering the large number of different types of wine in few clusters with easy names to remember. This problem is also due to the large number of brands in the market. The majority of potential consumers are confused and at the end they prefer to buy a bottle of beer of a well known brand. Its possible to overcome this situation promoting the creation of big companies and disadvantage the proliferation of little-medium producers. Big companies bring into the market well-known brands, which massively increase producers’ market power. In order to increase the French market power compared with the direct and New World competitors’ ones, the French Minister of Agriculture could sign contracts or agreements with other agriculture ministers of consumers countries in order to favour the French wine. Since, UK, one of the larger consumer countries is next to France, it would be easy to find something to exchange for a commercial agreement. 3. Possible advices to the head of the French wine industry association As the Head of the French wine industry association to manage and represent all the wine producers, its objective is to promote and give advantage to its associates. Furthermore it would be useful to advise him to promote a better integration of the wine production process from the vineyards to the final consumer. This issue could be achieved through a cooperation or collaboration between the wine producers, merchant traders and the retailing sector. A superior control, permitted by this form of collaboration, avoid more handling stages, holding less inventory, capturing the intermediaries mark-up, sharing common objectives and improving the time to market. Moreover, the cooperation can spread the know-how, technique and innovation through all the French associates. It is really important to promote higher investments in RD in order to fill the gap that has occurred between France and the other New Word competitors. New innovations and technologies bring new developments and improvements to overtake and succeed on the marketing and distribution level of the competitors. Concerning the distribution, communities, retailers, and consumers are demanding more sustainable, eco-friendly packaging options, whether for everyday items or higher end purchases like fine wine. For some products, the barrier to conversion has been package performance. Therefore would be important to spread the use of green materials to pack and deliver the products. Since the French has never developed an efficient marketing strategy it has been difficult to align the interests between supply and demand. The French wine association has to try to anticipate the next changes in the consumer tastes, by means of market surveys and data collected through an effective wine industrial analysis. It is also important to drive the offer towards to the type of wine that is preferred by the consumers in that very moment. On contrary it is possible to drive also the demand and not only the supply of wine. Guiding the consumption towards the type of wine that is over offered or over produced it is hoped to avoid sure future losses. Nowadays people are blasted with advertisement that recommends not consuming wine because it is unsafe for the drinkers life. There will be an increment of demand persuading consumers that a little quantity of wine is not dangerous but rather really healthy, in particular the consumption of red wine. As well as the French Minister of Agriculture the Head of the French wine industry Association might promote and arrange wine events to increase the new generation consumption of wine. 3. 3 Possible advices to the owner of a middle size well regarded Bourdeaux vineyard producing wine and premium and superpremium category The main issue for French wine producers in the actual competitive environment, considering how the newcomers are acting and consequently gaining market share, is size. One of the challenges each small producer has to face is a competitive market without boundaries, totally changed from what it was only 10 or even 5 years ago, in which large multinationals are now efficiently operating. There is no univocal solution to this problem, but a few advices could be given to small or mid sized European companies. In order to gain advantage in terms of scale but even scope, the best way is to control the full production chain. From the vineyard to the glass, this can be obtained through either acquisition of neighbour producers, merging with other companies to better integrate or forming and exploiting networks. Each winemaker should analyze the market, an affordable process, and identify its possible cooperation/competition strategies. Maximum control over the value chain can often guarantee that the final product is produced and sold at the companys standards. One of the troubles the incumbents have to face is the inconstant quality often found within the same wine denomination. Bottles often sold at very high prices, due to a very lousy quality denomination system, are ruining the reputation of the other products of the same wine group. This is unacceptable as it ruins the whole regional system, but a solution can be found through the aforementioned network implementation or radical integration. It is often said of French producers that they are myopic as far as seeing new market possibilities and threats. The latter has been extensively discussed before, and it is clear that French firms have shown so far extremely poor market trends forecast abilities. Concerning the former, the most profitable markets nowadays are situated in the New World and UK where the advantage has been bargained by Australians and Americans. Good unexploited opportunities tough must be researched in totally virgin markets such as China, Japan and fast growing Asian nations. If it is possible to carve this markets in a profitable way for European producers then not all hope is lost. The extensive use of technology by the newcomers has permitted them a significant reduction in the cost of wine making, allowing the gain of large margins. On the other hand the incumbents have sedimented on traditionalism and conservatism, which in the past represented the main advantages to compete successfully. Things have changed and now the demand is focalizing on the steady quality that technological productions can supply. Among these new techniques a particular mention must be made to the studies regarding the dependency of the production on uncontrollable season variability, on which Australians are leaders by virtue of mechanization of harvesting, better irrigation and lab studies. Innovation is not vulgarization, on the contrary it is a powerful, a necessary, weapon to win the competition. The right approach to the market must consider the two segments that are clearly coming out as the main targets. On one side there are premium and super premium wines, a fast growing and very profitable segment. In this segment, as it is shown by recent studies in the bellwether market of UK, France is faring very poorly, losing market shares every year especially to Australia and other new producers. This is due to high quality and, of course, a far superior communication and marketing power. A possible answer to this can be the exploitation of the good name of tradition and historical high quality of French wines, in order to give an univocal signal to the consumers: â€Å"French wines are THE wines and every other bottle is just a beverage; when you drink a glass of French wine you dont just drink a glass of wine, but a piece of France†. The other segment, the lower one, is ironically the toughest for Europeans wine makers. New consumers are getting used to the fruity taste of elaborated Australians and American wines. This can be a shock for old producers but actually there is, for example, a strong demand for vanilla-tasted wine. To better face this market sector French producers, as newcomers have been doing successfully for years, should take advantage of branding as a market approach. Mid sized producers shouldnt be afraid to bastardize their sacred product, if they run on two tracks (upper segment and lower segment), at the same time with two perfectly shaped strategies they can capitalize on the good renowned name of old France. Everything which has been written so far about the strategy portfolio of a middle size well regarded Bourdeaux vineyard producing premium and super-premium wine is submitted to a fundamental limitation, a precondition to compete efficiently in this rapidly changing market: size. Size as reduction of costs and increase in efficiency, size as market power, size as control over the value chain, size as potential to expand in different markets, size as capability to attract foreign investments.